Process of and apparatus for making gas



Aug. 26. 1924.

W. C. DAYTON PROCESS of* AND `APPAM'LUS FOR MAKING GAS 14 SheatsShest lFiled Aug. 9, 1920 ,4 TTORNEY Aug. 26 1924.

Filed Aug. 9, i920 14 Sheets5hat 2 Aug. 26 1924.

1,506,164 w. c. DAYTON PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS FiledAug. 9,

1920 14 Sheets-Sheet 3 a ai Aug. 26. 1924. 1,506,164

W.' C. DAYTON v PROCESS OF AND APPARAATUS FOR MAKING GAS ,4 TTOIiWEYAug. 26 1924.

` W. C. DAYTON `PR0CESS 0F AND APPARATUS Foa MAKING GAS Filed Ilma` 9.i920 14 Sheets-Sheet 5 Imm/ron @7a TTURNEY Aug. 26 1924. 1,506,164

w. c. DAYTON PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS Filed Aug. 9, 192014 Sheets-Shea?. G

IN VEN TUR.

K9 www U) cgtavwa/ 8 Lf) ATTORNEY W. C. DAYTON PRGCESS OF AND APPARATUSPGR MAKING GAS Aug. 26. 1924.

Filed All. 9, 1920 14 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVE N TOR MV A@ @f7/M Aug.` 261924.

w. c, DAYTON PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS Filed AuE, 9. 192014 Sheets-Sheet. Er

IN VEN TOR.

A TTORNEY Aug.. 26 1924.

W. C. DAYTON.

Pnocss OFVAND APPARATUS Fon MAKING GAS 3&7@ 5.41.

ATTO

Aug. 26. 1924. 1,506,164

W. C. DAYTON PROCESS 0F AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS r Filed Aufl. 9,1920 14 Sheets-Sheet l0 Aus. 26. 1924.

W. C. DAYTON PROCESS 0F AND APPARATUS FR MAKING GAS Filed M12. 9. ).92014 shunt-Sheet l1 l INPI'ENTOR. @ya Y Aug. ze wu. 1,506,164

w..DAYToN PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS Aug. 26. 1924. i1,506,164

w. c. DAYTON PRCESS FAND APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS Filed Anz, 9A 1'320144 Sheets-Sheet EIS Zr INVENTOR. Ji" 23. mgz

A TTORNEY Aug. 2e, 1924. 1,506,164

W. C. DAYTON PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FDR MAKXNG GAS Filed Anz. 1320 14Sheets-$heet 14 A TTURNE Y Patented Aug. 2s, 1924.

. Y 1,566,154 PATENT OFFICE.

WALTER c. miY'roN, 'or RUTHEEFOED, 'NEW JERSEY, Assrnon rro GENEME on.ons

oonronanqar, o 'r nnrsror., vmemm, a coEPonA'rIoN orvnomm j PEocEss onAND APPARATUS ron MAKING Gas.

Application led August 9, i920. Serial No. 402,170.

7 'o`all 'whom it may concern. lie it known that I, WALTER CbDAr'roN, acitizenof the United States, and a resident of Rui lei-ford, in thecounty of Bergen and State yof certain new and useful Improw'ernentsv inProcesses of and Apparatus for Making (ias, of which thefollowing isespecification. 4 lo The invention relates to the manufacture of a fixedgas of predetermined calorilie value and chemical c nstituenc by amethod` and apparatus wh tinuous, intimate and uniform mixing of l5combustible such as liqnid hydrocarbons, 'to wit, oil. with acomrbustiomsupportin' gas, to wit, air, while maintaining an estabvished ratio of combustible and combustion-supporting gas for allvoluines of combustible and combustion-supporting gas combined,

vand bv causing the mixture to continuously'` 'providing a gasifyingchamenter a retort Jber wherein a partial combustion of the combustiblein the mixture takes place, said combustion being incomplete or onlypartial because' the eombustion-supportinflr is insuflicientin amounttoelfeet. or allow e complete combustion.

According to one. aspect of the present in vention thecombustion-supporting gas. to witg air, is heated and the combustible isdelivered into this heated combustion-supporting gas, to wit, the heatedair, and preferabl thereafter themixture is subjected to a urtherheating prior to its introduction into the retort or gasifyin chamberwhere the artal combustion anc conversion into the xed gas takes place.4

In the referred form' of realizing the in- 40 vention t e heatino of thecombustirm-sup porting gas and te subsequent heating of the mixtureprior to entering theasif ing chamber are affected by 'heat absor d romthe resultant 4fixed gas as the same Hows in counter direction to thatin which the. in-

coming combustion-supporting gas and the mixture ofhotcombastion-supporting gas and combustible How on the way to the combustion chamber. In other 'wor-ds, by the preferred arrangement thefixed gas gives up'heat first to the mixture which is, on its way or isabout to enter the retort or gasifying chamber andy thereafter thehfixedgas which has lost some'of its heat-the heat 5 that is passed into themixture-gives up tible is delivered New Jersey, have made` ich invo vesthe con-`- gas ` chamber prior to more of its heat to the incomingcombustlon-supportinggns into' which the combusto form the mixture ofcombustible andheated combustion-supporting gas.

-Aocording t0 one arrangement of appa- Patus for realizing the inventiongas is generated in a plurality'of retorts-arranged in Asetsand theconstruction is such that any retort of any one set can be removed andreplaced bv another without arresting orstopping the operation oflmaking gas in any of the other sets. The invention relates to abovereferred -to'and also others all of .which are clearly set forth anddescribed herein.v As illustrating how the invention may be, realizedreference is made tothe accompanying drawings forming a Part of thisspecification and in which drawings,

Figure 1 is a vertical View, mostly in seothe features tion,illustrating an apparatus having aretort locatedin av chamber providedby a. masonry structure,- having a lining, and Within a, metalliccasing. l'n this figure a mixing device is show'nin section which mixingdevice comprises an oil reservoir and a mixing chamber wherein andwhereby oil-the combustible-and air-the combos tion-snpporting gas-mrc.mixed and from which mixing chamber the mixed air and. oil pass to theinterior of the retort. In this ligure there is also shown meanswherebythe air that is conducted to the mixinU chamber is heated by thebot gaseous pro, ucts on their way in transit from the retort, as ontheir wav to a gas holder. According gases .leaving the retort impartheat to the mixture of oil and air leaving the ixing thefho-t gasesgiving up their heat to the mixing chamber. In this view there is alsoshown a means whereby the masonry structure and the retort therein areheated prior to the starting 0f making gas in the retort. Figur(` 2 is nplan view of the apparatus shown in Figure l. and in this View it willbe noted there are two retorts constitutin a'set of rctorts, euch ofwhich is connected to a header piping shown in Figures 10 and 11.

Figure 3 is a front elevational view of the apparatus shown in Figures 1and 2.

Figure 4 is a` vertical view of a, rftort air that is flowing to the 'ithe several mixing devices such as is used in the apparatus. This viewis mostly in section and it may be referred to as a verticallongitudinal sectional vieu'.

Figure 5 is avertical transverse sectional View of the retortl shoujniiiFignre i andis a' view taken as on the plane indicated hy the line{i4-5 o f Figure 4 looking in the di rection of th arrows.'

Figure 6 tional viewV ofthe retort and is a view taken as 'on the planeindicated by the line G-G ot Figure 4 looking,r in thedirection of thearrows.

VFigure T is a sectional horizontal vieu' oi a'portion of the retort andis a vieuA tanken as on the plane indicated ,bv the line i-i of Figure4, looking in the direction oi the arrows. ln this figure some of thepins have been shown in sei-tion while other, of the pins have purposelynot been shown in section rin order that the true structure' pf the pinsand their method of mounting "ill be more clearl)r set forth.

Figures 8 and 9 are respectively plan and side views of a bracket oi'hook-shaped meinber employed for supporting the retort in place in theapparatus.

Figure l0 is a vievr the header piping which` which each retortoftheconnected. Itvalso shows in position a cap at each end of theheader piping, acti ing as' carried'by theheader piping, and some ofthepiping through whicli tlie combustion-supporting gasI to wit; air,passes showing in` section on its wayto theimixing chambers'of themixing devices. The construction showniii this Yfigure constitutes whatis referred to as ii heat-interchangin'g device.

Figure 11is an end-'view of the' header piping shownin xFigiirejl. l

igure 12 is a diagrammatic view illustrating'the connecting of ltheretorts- .tu the header piping. It sliows' the association of i and thepipes or conduits leading from thc mixing chainhers of Veach mixingdevice to theinterior .of the corresponding retort. und also the.

burner-for initially of they apparatus .within which the retoits arelocated and for initially heating the retorts therein-xviiiburner has aVmixing A device similar .to that used in conjunction with eachJelort.-ln this view as well as in Figures l. 2.and 3. there is shown va pilot.

. burner that is employed in some instances to snpplycxternal heat tothe retorts. as

when it is desired to make a richer gas -'.ftherein Athan it. would hepossible' to make heat were not supplied.` Thisv if external 'pilot isalso used when starting "cold hy hurningsomc' of n p ftheA masonry 1ettlues leading the irst gas made to heat above the level of the outfromthe chamber within .which the retort is located. This figure hot gasesproduced and is' a horizontal transverse is a member to' set ofretortsheating the nuisonry' also shows an air pump, uid hydrocarbonsund a relativehv closezi piping s vscin between the nii' pump :in/l thetank on the. one hand. and the niixing chamhcrs` of the mixing devicecorresponding lo each retort, the mixing chainhci4 of the-linuiicr (orinitially heatingtiie lretorls and the pilot hui-ucr on the other hand.ln this ligure there is also shown the. arrangement of the pipingwherein)V the hoi productsI or resultingr gas within or leaving theretort supplies heat to the mixture of air and h rdi'or-.irhons enteringthe retort. :ind also how the hot products-after they have lost some oftheir heat-are employed (o heat the air .supplied to the mi.\ ;iiigchamlier of each mixing device corresponding to the retort. prior tointroducing into said `a tank for the hq :tir the. hydrocarbons whichare to be giisi lied; There is also a piping arranged so that. theheated air can pass to.the lot, burner and there unite with gases wiicli are supplied from the gas system, as from the header piping.

Concerning the construction of the apparatus as shown iu Figures 1 to l2inclusive. it 1u'ill be observed that, thi` heat ing of thecombustion-supporting gas, to wit, the air. prior to its entrance intothe mixing device is accomplished by a heat intere-hanging device whichis embodiedin or embodies the header piping, such as shown in'Figures l0and 1l.

ln Figures 13 .to Q4 inclusive1 an apparatus is illustrated `.vhich issimilar to the appariitns shown in Figures 1 to l2, but iii theapparatus shou'ii in Figures 12 toQt the header piping Ais actually a`hydraulic main and the for heating the comlnistion-supporting gaistheair--im-ludes a nuinher of heat interchanging devices. there being! such:i device for and corresponding:` to each mixing `dcvirrc: or. in otherwords. for and corrispmidinur to ciu-h retort. Eachheat. interchangingdevice' is emhodied in or embodies' a vrrtirzilly extending pipingbetween lluI header piping :itid hydraulic main on the one hand and thecorresponding mixingde vice and. retort on tlnl other. In the sameligure# und particularlyl in Figures 13` i4,

heat interchanging Utl loo

liti

lli)

and 1?. there is illustrated a gas making 1 he retortsI within which:ire arranged insets-- apparatus wherein t the gas is produced tworetorts iti each setand wherein servi-al sets of i'etorts are allconnected'tn a common hydraulic main or' common header piping.

Figure 13 is a vertical view mostly inthe introduction ofthe mixtixreinto a -rctort where the fixed gas is formed.

Figure i4 is a frontl elevation with a portion of the hydraulic mainVbroken nwuyn Figure is a plan view of the apparatus illustrated inFigures 13 and 14. Figures 14 .and l5 show howl the 'retorls arearranged in sets with *tworetorts in euch set and also when taken-4inconjunction with Figure 13 show howleach retort of the sereral sets ofretorts is `connected to the conimon header piping'or hydraulic main.

Figure 1.6 is a vertical view of the retort whichmay be usediuthe`apparatus of Figures 13 to 15; This isla, view mostly in. scctionand `may be referred tous a vertical lorgitudinal sectional riew.

`igure 1'( vis a vertical transrerse scctional view 4o f the retortshown in Figure 16 andl is a view. taken as on the plane indicated bythe line 17-17 of Figure 16 looking in the direction of .the arrows.

Figure 18 is a horizontal transverse sectional view of the retort shownin Figure 16 and is a view taken as on the plane indicnted" by the line18-18 of saldtigurc looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure-'19 is a partial sectional view of the retort shown' inv Figure16 and is a vieu' taken as o n the plane indicated by the line 19-'7-19of Suid figure looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figures 16 to 19 inclusive illustrate as previously indicated n retortsuch as is used in the aiparatus of Figures 13 to l5 inclusive. Ilt maybe used in the Aapparatus of Figures 1 to 3. The retort illustrated inFigures 1.6 to 19 is the same in principle as but differs somewhat indetail from the rctort of Figures 4 to 6. These retorts can be usedinterchangeably.

Figure 20 is a vertical \'ieu'-most-y a transversesectionul view-showingthe cnnstruction of the heat interchanging device that is. ernb'odied-in or that embodies the piping between the retort and the hydraulicmain pf the construction shown .in Figures 13 to 15 inclusive. i

Figure 21 is an exterior view partially: broken away of the heatinter-changing device of Figure 20.

. y Figure 22 isa horizontal sectional view taken as on the planeindicated by the line 22,-22 of Figure .20 looking inthe direction ofthe arrows.

Figure 23 is @perspective view of one of the deecting members or baillemembers lincluded in or relied upon in the heating 'device to cause theair to take n sinuous or-circuitous path in passing through the heatinterchnngn device.

Figure 24 is` w at may' be considered a diagrammatic vertical sectionalView of the apparatus illustrated in Figures 13 to' 15 inclusive. Thisdiagrammatic view illustrates the manner in which' the several parts ofthe ap aratus are connected and therein some of t e parts hare beensomewhat distorted,the hydraulic main for example has Abeen somewhatdistorted in order that the principle of its operation may beillustrated in a single figure in conjunction with the rest of theapparatus.

Reference will now be made tothe drawings in detail. Y

Structure 0f the masm'y 'within which the gas ycneratngyretorts arelocated.

The gas generating portion of the uppai'utus, of Figures 1 and 3 andalso of the apparatus of-Figures 13 to 15 comprises a masonry structurelincluded within a metallic Casin." 2. und this nwsonrr sh" .provides afloor portion and side walls l of a chamber 5 having therein n set. ofretorts which includes the retorts 6. 6. The roof of this chamber isdesignated .b v 7 und includes a cast holding member 8 that serres tohold and maintain in place a lining 9 of highly refractory material. Theholding member 8 is covered by a layer of heat in A sulating material,as 10. The roof member is made sov thatit can be lifted from place as by:i hoist It (see Figure 24) whereby access to the interior of thechamber 5 und to the retorts 6 is readily accomplished. A hurner4 forinitially. heating the interior of the chamber. 5 and the retorts 6therein is designated :is 1l. hy airnnd liquid hydrocarbon. to wit, tlu:oil` in n. manner which more fully hereinafter appears. "xVhen it. isdesired to start the apparatus lcover member or closu'ic plate 12 isreino-:cd from the position shown in Figure 1 und the burner is lighted`etherehy the burning `products enter an opening -13 pass upwardlythrough openings 14 into the chamber 5 and 'around the retorts 6'; theproducts of combustion leave the chamber 'i through openings 15 andpassagcwu's 16 from which they How through openings 17. space 18, andpiping 19, to the stuck; lVhen the masonry structure and the retortshave become 4sufficiently heuted the apparatus is started. the initialburner l1 is shutofi'. the cover member or enclosure plate 12 isreplaced to the position shown in 'Figure l und :i damper in thedampeneontrolled iping 19 leading to the stack is closed. 1f a pilotburner, designated as 20. is not lighted. Concerning the pilot burner itwill here be noted that it may be used continuously This burner issupplied i -above, the

where a richer gas is desired than is possiv products of combustion fromthe interior or the chamber 5. The side walls 4 of the masonry include aportion 21 of high re fractor),v material an'l a portion 22 ot heatinsulatingr material. When the roof portion 7 is in place the jointbetween the side walls and 4roofis sealed. as at 23,by any suitablematerial. such as fire clay or heat insulating -materinl in plasticform. The casing 2de provided with peek holes 24 arranged so `that theinterior conditions in the chamber 5 may be readily observed These peekholes, however. closed. Openings may also be provided for the insertionof thermo-couples for ascertaining, .the accurate temperature conditionswithin the chamber and a hole for this purpose is designated as 25. Ofcourse, this at any time.

- hole is normally closed by the thermo-couple i and provides connectionagainst the entrance of cold air to the interior of the chamber.

Rctrt structure and 'method of supporting same.

f A retrt 'which may be employed in the apparatus of Figures 1 to 3 isshownv in Figures 4 to 7 inclusive. `This same retort muy be used in theapparatus of Figures 13 to 15 for as far as this function of thc retortis involved both forms of the'apparatus are substantially the. same.This retort comprises a longitudinally extending tubular portion 26thatV may be referred to as a membeneven though it constitutes only apart of a retort :fs a whole. 'lhis tubular portion or member 2G extendshorizontally an exit pipe orconduit leading from the interior of theretort'. The retort also has a throat portion or member 27 and a bulbousbodiy portion or member 2S having!J relatively flat sides or b'eads 29and 29'. The member '2S is sometimes referred to as a depending bulbousbody portion or member and is in conummieatiou with and carried from thelongitudinally extending tubular portion or member :2G by means of thethroat portion or mmuher 27. Each retort is each-tubular portion ofmember 26.

supported in place by brackets or hookshaped members 30 shown in FiguresS and 9. An extension 31 of each of these members rests upon therefractory walls and the. hook 32 of each member engages the under sideof It will here be observed that the longitudinally extending portion ormember 26 extends in are normally opposite directions past the throatmember 27, to Witt forward of and behind the throat member; one of thehook-shaped members 30 being in ell'ect ahead and the other behind tliethroat portion. nally extending portion or member 26 may properly bereferred to as a bridge member since it bridges the space between thesetivo hook-shaped members or supports 30. Said portion or member 26 mayalso be properly -referred toas a bridge4 member providing an exitconduit since it has an exit passageway leading from the interior of theretort. ly means of this construction it will be readily appreciatedthat any one retort can be removed from itsvplacc in the masonry withoutdisturbing the other retort when the. piping leading to and from theretort to be removed is disconnected. Of course. during the removal ofany particular retort the roof 7 is removed from the structure. Theretort is provided with a number of baille members, referred tocollectively as 33, located so as to canse the products Within theretort. to take a sinuous path in passing through the retort. By thisarrangement all of the gaseous products within and passing through theretorts are subjected to the influence of the heated balile members. Inthe lgenerating of Yfixed gas. from a combustible such as liquidhydrocarbons, by partial combustion within a metallic retort. the metalin the retort swells. Experience has shown that bafflc'memhers whichconnect opposite sides of the retort create ormaintain a-Wlcward andobjectionable strains on the metal of the retort structure. It istherefore advisable to construct the retort with baille members arrangedin such a manner that they do not.g connect the opposite sides ot theretort and Iso that they avoid short circuitingz. so to speak, of thegases through the retort. ln the retort shown the baille members areprovided by pins arranged in sets or rows and so that the pinsin .oneset or row are all carried by one head and extend toward and adjacent tothe other head. but so that they are not supported in any manner by thelast mentioned head. 'The pins carried by the head 2D. for example. aredesignated as 34 and thel pins carried by the liez1rl"2flai"edesi1gfnated by 35. All ot the pins 34. or as the case may be. extend from thehead carrying them toward and adjacent to the opposite head. with theexception of the pins 36 afnd 3i' of Figure 6 which are carried by theseheads but extend only adjacent to a depending;r portion or member 38 ofan angular tubular member or pipe 39, as is readily seen from aninspection of the drawings. The description of the retorts thus farapplies not only to retortof Figures 4 to 7 but also to the retort ofFigures 16 to 19. The angular tubular member or pipe 39 of each form ofretort provides a pipe or instead of' being an assembled and built-upconduit. whereby the mixture of liquid combustibles andcombustion-supportin gas entf1-s the retort. In the retort of igures 41.o 7 said member 39 comprises a fitting; 40 into which pipe 41 isthreaded; the fitting '40 and pipe 41 areweldedl together,as'at 42, thusin ,effect producing a unitary structure at this oint. The pipe 41 isthreaded into an ange member or elbow 43rd suitable metal', for examplecaststeehand is welded to the latter al: 44. TheI depending member 38isin cross-section in the-form of a flattened tube, asshown in'Figure 6,and is connected to the elbow 43am any suitable manner, as by `,means ofa littino' 45, there being welds, as .atl-,46 and 46. Figures 16 to 19the an lar tubular member- 39 also comprises a itting 40 into which.

pipe 4l is threaded and they are welded together at 42. ,The rest of themember 39 construction, so tomspeak,A com rises only a single 'castin as243, of'suita. le material, which provi es the angle or bend 244 andalso the depending portion 245, which in cross-section is in the .formof' a flattened tube, as shown in Figure 18. The pipe 41 is threadedinto the-upper endA of the casin 243 and is ,welded to the latter, asindicate at 246. There is a restriction at 247 'in the passageway ofthisdepending portion or member 245. -This restriction is below the curve ofthe an yle or-bend 244 but above the zone of the ba es 33 of baillepins. A ysimilar restriction Lwhich is similarly locatedl is found intheA angularv tubular member 390i the retort of Figure 4. The casting243 is made-so that the. depending portion 245'pracv tically Afits the.inner side ofthe rhtortjin which it is locatad'u's is manifest from aninspection of Figures V1'2' and 18'. From one point of View. the angulartubular member or pipe 39 -of this retort of either Figures 4 to 7 or ofFigures 16 to 19 may be considered as :t unitary. structure and fromanother int of view it may be considered as a uilt-up structure, Itreceives support and is positioned in the `retort in any suitablemanner, as bymeans of the members designated/ns 47 in Figures 4 und 5 orby means `"of the/members designated as 248 inFigu'res e 16 und 17.. Itwill noted that in there! tort of Figures 4 to 'l' the angular tubularmember 39 is supported on the lowermost interior4 portion o the retortand any gi-ow;

ling in a vertical direction of the bulbous portion of the retort willconsequently result in a displacement of the horizontal portion .of themember 39 in the horizontal exil conduit 2G of the retort. In the retortof Figures 16 to I9- the angular tubular mem# within the throat portion27 and end adjatheretort of retort, however, are commercial and pracftical. f

In the manufacturing of the retorts shown holes are firstdrilled in thesides, the ins are then inserted and are welded in p ace, each to itscorresponding head. To facilitate the manufacture of the retorts theyare made in Iwo parts. each art comprising a portion of thelongitudinally extending tubular member 2G, a portion of the throatmember '27, and a portion of the body member 28 and these parts arewelded together after the angular tubular member 39 has been inserted inplace, as along the Weld 48. The retorts are made of :my suitablematerial for withstanding high heat, for example materials such asnichrome, silica, carborundum, Mone] metal, cast iron, cast steel, orforged steel. 'lhe lower bulbous ortion of the. retort of Figures 16'and1 has been made somewhat thicker than the rest of the retort shell. Thisis manifest from an inspection of Figures 16 und 17. It is thusconstructed because of a tendency toward a wasting away or burning inthe lower interior zone of the yBl retort nud this tendency is enhancedby care.

less operation. '[he zone just referred to is where the heut of thepartial combustion pr combination is most intense and is opposite ornear the lower or delivery end of the angular tubular member 39. It willbe ra- 'inarlreih however, that while the thickening Hei/dmppiny. (l Ivat intcrchangi'ng de'vro u/ [/u. oma/mtu# of Figure-a 1-12.)

'The header pipingheat inlerchauging device-shown iu' Figures l0 and 11coni prises u' horizontally -extending tubular or pipe portion 49 withheads or ca ps 50 and 51 at the ends thereof and bolted to the flanges52 of the portion 49. These heads or caps, or` in some instances partsllwreol', van be taken olf to facilitate the removal of :my depositswhich may collect in the header piping, and to further facilitate theremoval of any deposits a groove or trough 5I is provided at the lowerinterior portion o said header piping. Flanged branch members 54 areprovided and serve as the intakes leading to the interior of the headerpiping. One of these heads or cops 50 has a portion 55 which provides anopening 56 through, which the gases may pass, as on their way to a gasiso `the air passes on i the retorts and of l holder, and the piping;rleading to the gas holder may he connected as to t e portion The-otherhead or cap 51 has a portion 5T which provides an openinfr A58 fromwhich gas may Ilow as'throuuh suitahle piping as to the pilot hurner:this same cap muy also have a portion 59 pro viding an opening 60 whichis normally closed, but bK means of which when open access may be ad tothe interior of the header piping 49, as for thepnrpos of cleaning theSamet. The header piping has outwardl extending members 6l -providedwith anges 62 serving to support a easing G3. 4This header piping may beused a part oi' a heat-interchanging;r device for heat-ing air` as isthc'case in 1 tol?. inclusive, prior to the introducing;` of combustibleinto and niixing'of combustible with the air. The construction of the.he..' interchunging device shown in Figures l to Spend further`illustrated in Figures l0. 11, and l2, is such that a 'coil of pipe 64o'ccupies the space on the exterior of the liorif zontallv yextendingportion 49 outwardly. extending portion (il a'nil within the casing 63,and from thiso'oil of pipe (it tsA way to .the mixing-'ilo vice andreceives heat from thc outgoing gaseous products' passing'through the`header pi ing. Heat 4insulating material may he providedas at (535`Piping system (of the Lp/immo uf v Fig-uws 14).

The pipin'gsystem as a whole is dia grammatically shown in Figure. l2and this tigurix taken in conjunction-with Figures l. and 2*. clearlyshows the manner in which the several parts of the apparatus arecoma-ri4 ed ndvhrou'piht into operative, relationship In Figure l2 itwill he noted that the con. hustible or eoinlmsiihles-as oii or liquidhydrocarbonw--t-o he gasitied aiecontained in o tank 65 normally closed.Air which is thecombustion-supporting gas that. is preferably employedin the apparatus is supplied hy means of air pump 66. 'lhe air and theoil ultimately reach :in d are delivered to mixing devices 67. 67. fromcach of which mixing devices the mixed air and oil pass through a pipe(iSrwliir-h provides a con. duit leading to the interior ot the retortcorresponding to. the mixing device. tcnnections are also runde wherehivthe air and the oil are supplied to a mixing device 69 constituting apart ol` the hurner Il which is relied upon to cect an initial heatingof he structure ahout the same. The piping system between the closedtank 65 and the air pump 66 on the one hand, and the. mixing devices 67.(5T. including the mixing device G9 of burner ll on the other-hand is arelatively closed system wherebir the air and the oil are detheconstruction 'of ligures'Q 4ble--oil--is supplied in an amount in excessto th gas general het ween the livered to the mixing devices in theproper manner. Each mixing as the case chamber-67 or 69 may be-com risesa. reservoir 71 for holding the oil or liquid hydrocarbons conveyed tothe mixing dcvicesaud a mixing chamber 72 into which the oil and,V airare delivered and mixed. communication with by means of a member 73which conduit or passageway slightly below the top The reservoir is inthe mixing chamber rovides a 70 lea ingfrom 76 surface of the oil withinthe 'reservoir upwardly and to the mixing chamber.

this condo valve T4 that. regu The oilin transit through at orpassageway 70 fiows past,l a

lates the size of the passagcnay through a restricted orifice 75.

the height he maintai exceed a certain anioiint-an overflowpro vided.

branch Sl enters the piping 7.) 84 therein iiiixiii;r de

of piping4 titi. \\'i1 h .l wisc there ovul'lloiv n SS and is (i5. Theythrough a coiiShleici'l duit- (34 tl As wilhlierciiiafter appear,

an inlet opening 77, an air ,inlet :it 78. Yof the reservoirs ol 67,from the tank i9 which includes a pump has Fbranches 8l, 81.

the combustito each reservoir 71 at required for ing purposes and inorder that 85 f the oil within the reservoir will it may not l 76 is OilHows to the reservoir through said reservoii` having Oil is supplicd'toeach the mixing devices 6T, (ifi hy means of piping 80, which pipingEach said reservoir is provided with avalvc 82 and oil inlet, openingT7. The oil also has a branch 83 with valve leadin; r lo the reservoirol' 'the iee (it) of the hui-ner ll. The

isili communication, h v means S5, S5 each pipe` having a valve ieinterior of the tank (i5. Like 'is a pipe Si' leadin(r from tlie l`hui-neill. Pipe Si' in communication with the tank air from the air pumppasses main air pipe Si) whiclLJnay be as including the pipe or coniateuch-cles the. header pi ing vo ncd const ant-so that 4f). rlhe pipe Ht)and its connections lea ing to the mix considered interi-hang` mixingchamhers A valve EN). however. is provided -in the main air changing i(i7. lrom ing chambers T2 may" he broadly as constituting a part of aheat,-I

in;r device located ahead of the T! of the mixing devices dpe H!) aheadvof the hdat-intcrferrcd to so as to r to the heat-interleviee and to themixing devices the pipe or conduit 64 of di main air pipe. S!) thereext/end branches 9 91, each h mixing ch corresptind main' nir pipe avalve 9i! leading to the amhcr 'i2 of the mixingr device ing: to thebranch. From said S9 'hut ahead ont the valve 90 there branches alpipe93 having :i valve 94 leading to the mixing chamher of the. mixin gdevices 69 of the burner 11.

In 1 sys tem of the type inquestion it is 13 thas a valve -105

